It is interesting to observe a very high unemployment rate among the young population of Armenia (34%), even though a very large number of Armenian youth are highly educated. Hence, this dissertation aims to fill some gap in the available research by investigating the extent, nature and causes of graduate unemployment in South Africa. [60] Youth who are neither working nor studying do not have the opportunity to learn and improve their skills. [85] In August 2020, youth unemployment stood at 14.7%.[86]. Toronto's youth unemployment rate is at 18%, but only 43% of the area's youth are employed, the lowest rate in the province.[31]. So many Namibian youth have consequently but violently been left out of the economic promise for a more prosperous future due to structural and institutional inequalities which continue to persist beyond thirty years of independence from colonialism and apartheid. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525208/. Christians, F. (2020). United Nations Development Programmes. [15] Unemployed youth also report more isolation from their community. These high levels of unemployment are exacerbated by the failure of unions to attract young workers. World Health Organization. [7], The legitimacy of internships has begun to be questioned. (2017). http://www.unam.edu.na/codel/elearning. A 2015 study showed that New York City's 'Summer Youth Employment Program' decreased the participants' probability of incarceration and probability of mortality. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1775867. "[73] In the first quarter of 2020, there were 20.4 million young people aged 1534 years. The maximum rate was 46.1 % and minimum was 37.8 %. Youth Challenges in Namibia During COVID-19: Engaging - Springer A qualitative and quantitative case study analysis of income inequality in Namibia (Masters thesis). "[53] This lack of employment is thought to have contributed to the feelings of frustration among youth that eventually led to the 2008 Greek riots. 4381). There are millions of young people out of school and ready to work, but businesses needs skills these young people never got. The role of the ministry of youth, national service, sport and culture in reducing youth unemployment in Namibia with special focus on the Urban Khomas region (Masters thesis). Global Journal of Health Science, 11(5), 133143. South Africa Journal of Psychology, 51(2), 199204. Also, public programmes include the promotion of job training to better equip workers to enter novel positions, creating more jobs particularly for low-skilled workers, and reducing labour costs through subsidies and other efforts. Ideally, in the future, these kinds of education will be embedded into national curricula, tackling the skills gap. Unemployment: A Violent Epidemic in Namibia [60] In 2019, the estimated youth unemployment rate in Jordan was at 35%.[61]. Namibian Correctional Service. COVID-19 and domestic violence: A possible public health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs): Policy response for revival. (2021). In October 2019, 3.2 million young persons (under 25) were unemployed in the EU-28, of whom 2.26 million were in the euro area. (2020a). Unemployment in Namibia A major challenge. They have longer transition time for students entering the work force and include offers newly graduated students several tools to enhance their market inclusion. Education pays off, but you have to be patient. In 2023, China's youth unemployment which represents those aged between 16 and 24 years reached a record-high 20.8%. Understanding strategies for resilient livelihoods by Masvingo urbans vulnerable groups during the Covid-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe. "In Turkey, the unemployment rate among university educated women is more than 3 times higher than that of university educated men; in Iran and the United Arab Emirates, it is nearly 3 times; and in Saudi Arabia, it is 8 times".[11]. [101], The education system plays a central role in the debate about the youth labour market crisis. There are 1.2 billion youth in the world aged between 15 and 24, accounting for 17% of the world's population. UNFPA East and Southern Africa. The recession did, however, affect the quality and security of jobs available to young people. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. How to Reduce Unemployment in Namibia African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 9(1), e1e6. UNDP. Development of Namibia's 3rd Employment Policy to benefit from UN From Astronaut to Lawyer: Why do our dreams get smaller when we grow up. As of 2014, 52.6% of the people aged 1524 actively looking for a job were unemployed. (2020). the beginning of the 2000s, a few studies focused particularly on youth and graduate unemployment, but there has been a lack of research in this area in recent years. The lack of productive engagement of young people in wider society, underlined by high levels of unemployment and under-employment, only serves to add to this feeling of disenfranchisement. Retrieved from https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/news/we-want-improved-sexual-and-reproductive-health-%E2%80%93-young-people-namibia-call-support-icpd-agenda. Unemployment has been said to affect earnings for about 20 years. In the third quarter of 2014, only 29.7% of the young were unemployed in the North. The high level of youth unemployment is a priority issue in the field of employment. [88] In families, it is common that when one person becomes unemployed, other members of the family begin looking for or securing employment. Juvenile justice: A Namibian overview. Emaileditor@peacechild.orgfor more information today. Ministry of Health and Social Services. National Planning Commission - Planning and spearheading the course of 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times (2009). CEDEFOP, The benefits of vocational education and training, 2011; OECD Review of Vocational Education and Training Learning for Jobs, 2011; CEDEFOP, Vocational Education and Training, Key to the Future, 2010. [60] However, youth unemployment has also been attributed to increased pressure on service sectors that typically employ more youth in Jordan. The lost generation effect impacts also their families. Uzobo, E., & Ayinmoro, A. D. (2021). According to the brief background statement in the third National Youth Policy, "Namibia has a dual economy, with a rapidly growing informal sector, with 66.5% of the total employed population in informal employment (67.5% women; 65.6% men). Furthermore, the youth unemployment rate is two to three times higher than the adult rate no matter the economic climate. Considering businesses are suffering from the skills mismatch, too, they need to take a more active role in promoting appropriate education and skill-building for young people from an early age. Trading or employment within the informal sector (which make up more than half of our total population and majority being women), does not guarantee security nor does it produce any elements of sustainability within its existing model which is characterised, et al, by the following, according to the Namibia Informal Economy Case Study Report 2016/17: - Most of the own-account workers are young adult females who have completed junior secondary education; - Those who have not received any training in running a business were 70%; Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox. In Armenia, the unemployment rate among the population aged 1524 was 32.6% in 2019. PDF Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Youth Unemployment in Namibia Statistics may contextualise a reality on which informed decisions and policies may be adopted, but it seems, in Namibia's case, statistics on unemployment remain perpetually rooted in defining and characterising how the future of Namibian youth have for years been denied and inadvertently, locked in by unemployment. Becker, H. (2021). The internship however, seems to be the only viable alternative to job placement for the young individual. PDF Sources of Unemployment in Namibia Teen pregnancies surge during lockdown. Youth unemployment is a great concern in Namibia due to the increasing rates of unemployment in the country between the periods of 2000-2008. Sources: The World Bank, IMF, Eurostat, ILO, The Guardian, The Work Foundation, European Commission. [44], In an effort to combat youth unemployment, France attempted to improve their education system because France sees declining rates of unemployment amongst those who have received higher levels of education. Furthermore, having the youth and adults at home all day long, resulting from closing of schools and workplaces, increased family conflicts and violence. One could even call the highlighted statistics on unemployment a crime, robbing the youth of a future and reality to meaningfully participate and develop our economy. The restrictive measures that have been put in place by many countries to contain the spread of the virus negatively affected the livelihood of youth. [45] France has made achievements in increasing higher education amongst its youth, attaining the Europe 2020 target of reducing early school leaving to below 10%. "Youth Employment Policies In France,"CEPR Discussion Papers 2394, C.E.P.R. Youth in Namibia The quality and relevance of education is often considered as the first root cause of youth unemployment. Marshall, G. (1998). ), Injury prevention and environmental health (3rd ed.). The 2018 National Labour Force Survey results point to an increased need to address youth unemployment, which is estimated to have increased from 43% in 2016 to 46% by 2018 for those in the 15 to . Namibia inter-censal demographic survey 2016 report. (2019, June 25). Retrieved from https://www.africanews.com/2020/11/24/namibian-governor-calls-for-action-against-gender-based-violence//. The percentage of youth in Ontario who actually have a job has not climbed above 52% this year. Ministry of Health and Social Services. (2019). [39], This issue of unemployment has been on the French agenda for decades and has prompted many efforts to reduce its impact. Experiences of adolescents and young people during COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. The rise of political unrest and anti-social behaviour in the world has been recently attributed to youth unemployment. unemployment is an exception, as it is higher in SSA LMICs than in low-income countries (LICs). Immaculate Mogotsi . Trapped between two pandemics: Domestic violence cases under Covid-19 pandemic lockdown: A scoping review. This also . Breuer, S. (2021). [76] This is the highest youth unemployment rate in 17 years. This paper addresses the causal relationship between corruption and youth unemployment from two different perspectives. [57] The failed implementation of effective employment policies and the increased segmentation of the labour marked during the economic recession are thought to be the main causes behind such an alarming situation. But last year, 14.3% of Canadian youth were unemployed, up from 11.2% in 2007 and double the current national jobless rate of 7.2%, according to Statistics Canada. The unemployment rate within this group was 43.2% in the 1st quarter of 2020. Whilst there are variables in how we all internalise information, there's no doubt that the process itself may be to our own detriment when we learn that we represent a statistic which has not improved, and renders the majority perpetually despondent of their own future. This number increases to an alarming 51.5% when looking at the South of Italy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05334, Mulama, L., & Nambinga, V. (2017). [38], The level of education is a factor that affects unemployment for the French youth population. Shabir, A. L., & Aijaz, A. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211019854, 104, 003685042110198, Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2018). The July 2017 rates for young Whites (8.0%) and Blacks (16.2%) declined over the year, while the rates for young Asians (9.9%) and Hispanics (10.1%) showed little change. [30] In Canada's largest province, Ontario, the rate of unemployment for those between the ages of 1524 is hovering around 13%. [17] Once this work ends, many find themselves unemployed and disadvantaged in the job search. Ambunda, L., & de Klerk, S. (2008). What has become evident is that there need to be major changes in what we teach and in the way we teach. [73], Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom is the level of unemployment among young people, typically defined as those aged 1825. A dictionary of sociology. To complete the process, please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you. The private sector, government and education systems need to start collaborating to determine what knowledge and skills young people should be taught in order to find rewarding work. In: Naidoo, K., Adeagbo, O., Li, X. [58] Furthermore, youth unemployment is unequally distributed throughout the country. For young people keen to get start-ups funded, they dont have to rely on banks alone. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429, Sinvula, J. I. 1095189). Youth unemployment in Russia was over 18% in 2010. With at least 20% of the country's population between the age of 15 to 24, the East African nation has been touted as one of the countries that can reap a demographic dividend by providing the appropriate education and jobs to its growing youth population. [15] Widespread youth unemployment also leads to a socially excluded generation at great risk for poverty. Economic analyses on the cost of gender-based violence in Namibia. Measures for youth and employment have focused on easing transitions from school or training to work and jobs, as for instance careers information, advice and guidance services. While unemployment between young whites amounts to 12%, this number skyrockets to a troubling 70% between young blacks. Simply put, the informal sector is another moral mirror which reflects the failure in governance and leadership three decades after colonialism to protect the social and economic livelihoods of the majority of our population. Moreover, this framework should act as a living document that schools and universities can modify to fit their communities or to accommodate changes in the market."[97]. Bikinesi, L. T., Mash, R., & Joyner, K. (2017). A proposed reason for this is that South Africa's social pension programme is relatively generous compared to other middle-income countries. 620 million are currently not in employment, education or training (NEET), according to the World Bank. [89] Alongside the shift in youth living situations, the impact of returning to live with parents as well as difficulty finding a fulfilling job lead to mental health risks. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0522-6_ch5. Chazovachii, B. 16 March 2022 A training workshop to inform Namibia's 3rd National Employment Policy (NEP3) took place in Windhoek from 1 to 4 March 2022. Historically, a rise in the SMIC has shown to result in increased unemployment rates amongst the country's youth population. In 2005, the area around Moscow had an unemployment rate of just 1% while the Dagestan region had a rate over 22%. Whether or not these internship positions are now violating the federal rules that are in place to govern programmes such as internships remains to be seen. (2016). [28] Namupala, N., Nangolo, E., & Edwards-Jauch, L. (2021). The less educated however, not only experience increased unemployment rates, but longer durations of unemployment. The policy provides a framework to address some of the challenges faced by youth in Kenya, including lack of decent jobs. Fougre, Denis & Kramarz, Francis & Magnac, Thierry, 2000. Namibian Journal of Social Justice, 1(202), 2243. ", In an article in the New Era, the reality of unemployment is further contextualised by the UNFPA country representative: "Namibia, with one of the youngest populations in Africa, could reach a staggering 50.30% youth unemployment rate by the end of 2021. Because their jobs are temporary contracts, youth are often the first to be laid off when a company downsizes. [34], Various countries have enacted a Youth Guarantee plan targeting youth unemployment. Young people end up experiencing a difficult school-to-work transition, and businesses are unable to find suitable candidates for their positions. This basically occurs when the unemployed decides not to take a job at the going wage rate (eg wrong job, benefits too low, etc). https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2018.1455317. Some of the unemployed have saved enough money so they can quit unfulfilling jobs. University of Namibia. A range of studies across countries has found that higher investment in vocational training is associated with increases in productivity. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2021.1913803. USAID. Combined with the economic crisis and the lack of sufficient job creation in many countries, it has resulted in high unemployment rates around the world and the development of a skills crisis. (2021). Namibian Sun. The deeper the recession, the more demand deficient unemployment there will be. www.sagepublications.com. Namibia governor calls for action against gender-based violence. But you can send us an email and we'll get back to you, asap. Therefore, policies and programs in poverty reduction and employment creation should take a multi-sectoral approach. This can sometimes take the form of employment in the informal sector when necessary. Alcohol and youths: Suggestions for law reform. This alternative is often regarded as a way to empower young people to take their future into their hands: it means investing in teaching them the leadership and management skills they need to become innovators and entrepreneurs. This solution ties back with labour market and regulations as many reforms are yet to be implemented to ensure that the market is flexible enough to incentivize young people to create enterprises. 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(2020). Namibian Sun. Print. Simon, J., White, R. G., van der Boor, C., & aszewska, A. A. The current overall unemployment rate stands at an alarming 51.2%. [50] To put this into perspective, the EU-27 average at the time was 18.3%. Correspondence to Understanding domestic violence: Masculinity, culture, traditions. Science Progress. 1. [37] France has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment among the EU countries, trailing behind Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal. In C. N. Mock, R. Nugent, & O. Kobusingye (Eds. Effectiveness also seems to depend on contextual aspects including country, programme design, and characteristics of recipients. AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 600 news and information items daily from over 100 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. Evidence from 17 Middle-Income Countries", "The Effects Of Youth Employment: Evidence From New York City Lotteries", "The effects of minimum wages on youth employment and income", "Education to employment: Designing a system that works", "Review: Generation Jobless? [15][55] The length of time the youth are unemployed has expanded as well, with many youth in the United States remaining unemployed after more than a year of searching for a job. There are two main approaches to reducing unemployment: demand-side policies and supply-side policies. [43] France also saw double digit declines in active youths in the labour market from the years 19802007. Development Budget Book 2023 Official Development Assistance Report - 2020/21 and 2021/22 Latest Publications View All The Root Causes of Unemployment and Posssible Policy Interventions 2020 Status of the Namibian Economy Report 2018 Root Causes of Poverty Analyzing Labour Productivity Trends by Industries and Sub-Industries in Namibia 2018 Second, discussions are focused on the level and spread of income support provided to unemployed youth. Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 192196. [7] This contributes to what is called the "full-nest syndrome". It is not only that youth may not find jobs or get employed early enough to emerge in the sectors which hone and develop their skills further, it is also in the many ways their appetite for a more inclusive, enhanced and better future may deteriorate. The youth unemployment rate was 14.4% in the EU-28 and 15.6% in the euro area, compared with about 25% in 2013. International Labour Organisation. I will rather be killed by Corona than by him. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 15248380211038690. [7] This definition remains controversial as it not only impacts unemployment statistics but also plays an important role in the targeted solutions designed by policy makers in the world. Google Scholar. The economic crisis has led to a global decrease in competitiveness. [14] Second, the development of temporary forms of work such as internships, seasonal jobs and short term contracts have left young workers in precarious situations. 64, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn. An unemployed person is defined as someone who does not have a job but is actively seeking one. Youth people in Namibia call for support to ICPD agenda. This policy was created in 1993 and revised in 2006. .
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