Kim C.-K., Seol Y.-J., Lee D.-J., Jeong I.-S., Yoon U.-H., Lee J.-Y., Lee G.-S., Park D.-S. AllergenPro: An integrated database for allergenicity analysis and prediction. Bronchial asthma and allergic sensitization are linked to respiratory infections, particularly viral infections. AllerHunter: A SVM-pairwise system for assessment of allergenicity and allergic cross-reactivity in proteins. Close supervision and a long-term commitment are required in this therapy for successful individual treatment [193]. West C.E., Dzidic M., Prescott S.L., Jenmalm M.C. Viral respiratory tract infections and allergens can interact in a variety of ways, including through a flawed epithelial barrier function. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic disease: The basics. 1. Gonzalez-Diaz S.N., Martin B., Villarreal-Gonzalez R.V., de Lira-Quezada C.E., Macouzet-Sanchez C., Macias-Weinmann A., Guzman-Avilan R.I., Garcia-Campa M., Noyola-Perez A., Garcia-Gonzalez D.U. Medina J.L., Coalson J.J., Brooks E.G., Winter V.T., Chaparro A., Principe M.F., Kannan T.R., Baseman J.B., Dube P.H. As a result of the constant accumulation of allergen-related clinical and molecular data, efficient data storage and management has become critical. When you're exposed to the allergen again, these antibodies can release a number of immune system chemicals, such as histamine, that cause allergy symptoms. Oyarzn P., Ellis J.J., Bodn M., Kobe B. PREDIVAC: CD4+ T-cell epitope prediction for vaccine design that covers 95% of HLA class II DR protein diversity. Recalcati S. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: A first perspective. Flu vs. Allergies: Differences and Similarities Fast foodsare they a risk factor for asthma? Dysbiosis has also been found in the lower and upper respiratory tract microbiota of asthma patients [98], as well as the skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis patients [99,100], and in the gastrointestinal tract of food allergy sufferers [101,102]. AllerHunter [211] is a web server based on SVM that efficiently analyzes allergen cross-reactivity in proteins. Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy. Acute IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity was referred to as allergy in this classification system. The most common method for assessing allergenicity is computational prediction or evaluation, and a range of bioinformatics methods/tools have been effectively used for this purpose [223]. Philip Gell and Robin Coombs proposed a new categorization system in 1963 that included immunological components and the immune process in order to identify reactions of type I to IV hypersensitivity [9,10]. The associated allergy conditions with smoking exposure have been evaluated in several studies. A continuous data increase requires effective archival, data management, and data analysis. Irritants. Beale J., Jayaraman A., Jackson D.J., Macintyre J.D., Edwards M.R., Walton R.P., Zhu J., Ching Y.M., Shamji B., Edwards M. Rhinovirus-induced IL-25 in asthma exacerbation drives type 2 immunity and allergic pulmonary inflammation. NO2 can significantly raise the allergic response to inhaled allergens, according to asthmatic controlled-exposure studies [49]. In another food allergy model, colonization with seven species of Bacteroidales consortium or a Clostridiales consortium suppressed food allergy in the mouse model [128]. Many researchers have looked into the relationship between airborne traffic-related pollutants and asthma in metropolitan regions. Colds are the main cause of acute sinusitis. Several studies have shown that bacteria can cause both naive T cells to differentiate into TH2 or TH17 cells and the release of TH2 cytokines [178,180,181]. It was recently demonstrated that germ-free mice colonized with healthy infants commensals, but not colonized with commensals from cows milk allergic infants, were protected against anaphylactic responses to cows milk allergens. Wang C.S., Wang J., Zhang X., Zhang L., Zhang H.P., Wang L., Wood L.G., Wang G. Is the consumption of fast foods associated with asthma or other allergic diseases? Several tools, databases, and servers contain a wide range of information about allergens and other potential side effects. Takaoka M., Norback D. Diet among Japanese female university students and asthmatic symptoms, infections, pollen and furry pet allergy. Chung K.F. Viral respiratory tract infections are related to an impaired innate immunity, suppressed antioxidant properties, and disrupted tight junctions, which may result in a hypersensitivity to allergens and infections [133]. Mi Y., Norbck D., Tao J., Mi Y., Ferm M. Current asthma and respiratory symptoms among pupils in Shanghai, China: Influence of building ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in classrooms. Allergen-specific immunotherapy entails administering an increasing dose of allergens to a patient over time to ensure immunological and clinical tolerance. Allergic reactions. Is rinsing your sinuses with neti pots safe? Allergic diseases and asthma: A major global health concern. https://acaai.org/allergies. A recently developed algorithm for an allergenicity prediction based on a fuzzy inference system can also predict allergen cross-reactivity [212]. Bacteria, for example, can aggravate asthma symptoms on their own or in combination with viruses, such as the respiratory syncytial virus or human rhinovirus [169,170]. Aalberse R.C. Since COVID-19 shares similar allergy disease symptoms, a pandemic may cause a problem in prioritizing allergic people, face-to-face assessment, and further concerns about the potential diagnostics of COVID-19. O3 exposure has also been linked to an increase in worsening symptoms, respiratory infections, hospital admissions, and the need for rescue medication, peak flow rate reductions, and asthma attacks [50,51,52,53]. Anyone can develop allergies at any point in their life, but they're not contagious. Kimishige Ishizaka and his colleagues originally found out in 1960 that the antibody class IgE mediates type I allergic hypersensitivity. Not only can RSV infections induce asthma but, according to an epidemiological study, they can also lead to allergic sensitization and asthma development [136]. The data presented in this study are available within the article. Wright A., Holberg C., Taussig L., Martinez F. Factors influencing the relation of infant feeding to asthma and recurrent wheeze in childhood. Accessed July 28, 2020. Rehman A., Ahmad S., Shahid F., Albutti A., Alwashmi A.S., Aljasir M.A., Alhumeed N., Qasim M., Ashfaq U.A., Tahir ul Qamar M. Integrated Core Proteomics, Subtractive Proteomics, and Immunoinformatics Investigation to Unveil a Potential Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Schistosomiasis. This article will review the existing scientific literature examining the linkage and relationship between viral infection and allergic airway disease. Three birth cohorts studies were carried out by children in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden until the age of four or six and suggest a favorable link between medically diagnosed asthma and traffic pollution [3,56,57]. Nonallergic rhinitis can happen when you eat. If you've been outside, take a cool shower and change clothes. Zhang Y., Huang Y., Chen W.-X., Xu Z.-M. ul Qamar M.T., Ahmad S., Fatima I., Ahmad F., Shahid F., Naz A., Abbasi S.W., Khan A., Mirza M.U., Ashfaq U.A. McKeever T., Lewis S., Smith C., Collins J., Heatlie H., Frischer M., Hubbard R. Siblings, multiple births, and the incidence of allergic disease: A birth cohort study using the West Midlands general practice research database. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. A sequence-based technique for determining the allergen cross-reactivity is included in SDAP [210], a specialized allergen database. These include a cold or the flu. Gern J.E., Rosenthal L.A., Sorkness R.L., Lemanske Jr R.F. Association of low-level ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma. Changes in temperature or humidity can trigger swelling in the lining of the nose. Russell S.L., Gold M.J., Hartmann M., Willing B.P., Thorson L., Wlodarska M., Gill N., Blanchet M.R., Mohn W.W., McNagny K.M. A sore throat. There are other ways to tell seasonal allergies apart from the other health conditions that may cause fever. The prevalence and causes of these allergies are summarized in Table 1. observed a greater chance of developing asthma for children in high O3 areas [54], while Ackermann-Liebrich et al. Improved method for linear B-cell epitope prediction using antigens primary sequence. The treatment of allergic diseases in children follows a similar pattern to that of adults. A Preliminary analysis of potential allergens in a GMO Rice: A Bioinformatics approach. The prevalence and identity of Chlamydia-specific IgE in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory symptoms. Hence, bacteria exert control over general allergy-inducing pathways and may become targets for type 2 immune responses defined by IgE antibodies and specific TH2 cells [183]. Abrahamsson T.R., Jakobsson H.E., Andersson A.F., Bjrkstn B., Engstrand L., Jenmalm M.C. include protected health information. When to see a doctor Takeaway While headache is a commonly reported flu symptom, migraine is not. 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; as.ude.usk@leehkadlaf; Tel. Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema. Histamines: What they do, and how they can overreact The criteria set by FAO/WHO experts aid in the allergen cross-reactivity identification [207]. There is evidence that passive smoking raises serum total IgE levels and increases the risk of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Choi I.S. Decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, and eosinophil chemotoxins, along with anti-leukotrienes, such as zafirlukast (Accolate) or montelukast (Singulair), are commonly used as drugs to monitor and prevent chronic and acute allergic diseases. Viral Infection: Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment Allergy databases are therefore very essential resources for fundamental allergy research because they are used to archive available knowledge about allergens [215]. Allergies are chronic, inflammatory disorders with aberrant immune reactions to certain environmental chemicals, which are called allergens. Jackson D.J., Makrinioti H., Rana B.M., Shamji B.W., Trujillo-Torralbo M.-B., Footitt J., Del-Rosario J., Telcian A.G., Nikonova A., Zhu J. IL-33dependent type 2 inflammation during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in vivo. Allergic Reactions: Symptoms, Triggers, and Treatments In some severe cases, allergies can trigger a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. Allergy Symptoms vs. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Wark P., Johnston S., Moric I., Simpson J., Hensley M., Gibson P. Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma. Fast food consumption counters the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma in children? cleanings products, such as detergents or . Wickens K., Barry D., Friezema A., Rhodius R., Bone N., Purdie G., Crane J. Most colds will not include diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. The microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis. Summer cold: Symptoms, allergies, and remedies AllerTool [209] is a cross-reactivity webserver based on the WHO/FAO guidelines and amino acid sequence. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Clinical aspects of gastrointestinal food allergy in childhood. Zhang Z.H., Koh J.L., Zhang G.L., Choo K.H., Tammi M.T., Tong J.C. AllerTool: A web server for predicting allergenicity and allergic cross-reactivity in proteins. Some environmental allergens are modifiable and have been the target of preventive measures. Tools/servers for B cell and T cell epitopes prediction. Ege et al. Infection or colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catharralis, and Haemophilus influenzae, among the common human respiratory tract bacterial inhabitants, has been linked to recurrent wheezing in children, obstructive pulmonary disease, and the onset and exacerbation of asthma, [169,170,175,176]. Sears M.R., Greene J.M., Willan A.R., Taylor D.R., Flannery E.M., Cowan J.O., Herbison G.P., Poulton R. Long-term relation between breastfeeding and development of atopy and asthma in children and young adults: A longitudinal study. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and asthma: Cluster randomised trial. If you're allergic to pollen, stay inside with windows and doors closed when there's a lot of pollen in the air. Asthma Statistics Cold and Flu Allergies COVID-19 Prevention Asthma is a chronic illness that affects the lungs and makes it harder to breathe. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Allergen structural properties influence allergenicity significantly; this knowledge is used to develop effective methods for predicting allergen cross-reactivity and allergenicity/allergen. Received 2021 Sep 10; Accepted 2021 Nov 16. Although experimental methods have proven to be effective in discovering epitopes, their utility is restricted due to their high cost and time requirements, as well as their incapacity to deal with large-scale epitope elucidation. Sometimes, allergies can lead to a sinus infection, which may develop into a fever. In the modern era, bioinformatics applications are used to predict allergens and their allergenicity. George R., Jacob S., Thomas S., Georrge J.J. A greater adherence to COVID-19 preventative activities showed the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of this group, because social isolation can cause hopelessness and depression [153]. The greatest and best guideline for reducing allergy reactions in sensitive people is to avoid allergen exposure. It also depicts published and projected allergen cross-reactivity patterns graphically. This dysbiosis is significantly linked to parental sickness, implying that maternal health during pregnancy may have an impact on the vertical transmission of microbes that affect early microbiota development. Atopy is predominant among boys rather than girls. After all, pollen and other allergens fi ll the air, and a good Triggers that can worsen allergies Detection of pathogenic bacteria during rhinovirus infection is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations. Germ-free mice have an adaptive immune response profile reprogrammed. Airflow limitation, asthma, and Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific heat shock protein 60. In patients with atopic asthma, the TH2 cytokines (IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4,) are well known as effector molecules [134]. Increased risk of psychiatric disorders in allergic diseases: A nationwide, population-based, cohort study. Hence, the discipline of allergy bioinformatics has emerged, which includes allergen-specific resources/databases, as well as computational tools/methods [197]. Krawczyk K., Liu X., Baker T., Shi J., Deane C.M. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Allergies or a virus? How to tell the difference EL-Manzalawy Y., Dobbs D., Honavar V. Predicting linear B-cell epitopes using string kernels. Inoshima I., Inoshima N., Wilke G.A., Powers M.E., Frank K.M., Wang Y., Wardenburg J.B. A Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxin subverts the activity of ADAM10 to cause lethal infection in mice. Analyzing the allergenicity of such products/proteins and biopharmaceuticals is critical to avoid the allergenic molecule transfer. Here's how: Cause Seasonal allergies are triggered by exposure to allergens. Airway microbial dysbiosis in asthmatic patients: A target for prevention and treatment? The use of these techniques for IgE-binding epitopes predictions will be critical in the development of better and more efficient strategies for allergic disease treatment and diagnosis. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F., Vora H., Thomas D., Berhane K., McConnell R., Kuenzli N., Lurmann F., Rappaport E. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. Allergic patients were more likely to engage in various COVID-19 preventive measures, including maintaining a six feet social distance, avoiding crowded or public places, wearing a face mask, postponing or canceling activities, avoiding contact with high-risk people, and sanitizing or washing their hands [152]. Woodfolk J.A., Commins S.P., Schuyler A.J., Erwin E.A., Platts-Mills T.A. The COVID-19 epidemic has been a burden for allergy professionals. Viral infections can have a variety of opposing effects on allergy and asthma development; depending on the circumstances, viruses can either protect against or trigger allergic disorders. Itchy skin, a scratchy nose or eyes, and tearing eyes also might potentially be symptoms of an allergy. The severity of allergies varies from person to person and can range from minor irritation to anaphylaxis a potentially life-threatening emergency. Mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy for inhaled allergens and predictive biomarkers. Muscle aches. Holt P., Macaubas C., Stumbles P., Sly P. The role of allergy in the development of asthma. Many different types of viruses are responsible for colds. COVID-19. Bacillus Calmette-Gurin suppresses asthmatic responses via CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and dendritic cells. Mehmood I., Ijaz M., Ahmad S., Ahmed T., Bari A., Abro A., Allemailem K.S., Almatroudi A., Tahir ul Qamar M. SARS-CoV-2: An update on genomics, risk assessment, potential therapeutics and vaccine development. Mayo Clinic Q and A: Is it allergies or a sinus infection? Most of these strategies are based on amino acid sequences and their different properties, with only a few approaches based on structural information [224]. Role of viruses in asthma - PMC - National Center for Biotechnology other information we have about you. Li C., Kan A., Zeng X. Bioinformatics Analysis in Different Expression Genes and Potential Pathways of CD4+ Cells in Childhood Allergic Asthma. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/rinsing-your-sinuses-neti-pots-safe. Viruses that cause infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, and colds often cause hives. Guan P., Hattotuwagama C.K., Doytchinova I.A., Flower D.R.
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