The Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church, under the Patriarch of Antioch, has branches in nearly all countries where Maronite Christian communities live, in both the Levant and the Lebanese diaspora. About 180,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon, according to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA). 15 May 2022: 5th Week Resurrection. "It cannot be accepted that many parties, especially at the international level, consider refugees and displaced persons as a reality that must be adapted to the point of integration, settlement and naturalization.". 3, pp. [69][70][71] Syriac remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church. By SETH J. FRANTZMAN . Moreover, the Roman Catholic Church appointed titular Latin Rite patriarchs for many centuries, until the office was left vacant in 1953 and abolished in 1964 and all claims renounced. [101] The Maronites experienced mass persecution under the Ottoman Turks, who massacred and mistreated Maronites for their faith, disallowing them from owning horses and forcing them to wear only black clothing. After Maronite patriarch pressured, U.S. advocates express support In his book the Israeli writer Mordechai Nisan, who at times met with some of them during the war, quoted Said Akl, a famous Lebanese poet and philosopher, as saying; "I would cut off my right hand, and not associate myself to an Arab. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted, especially in the mountaintop strongholds of Mount Lebanon. The Maronites belong to the Maronite Syriac Church of Antioch (a former ancient Greek city now in Hatay Province, Turkey) and are an Eastern Catholic Syriac Church, using the Antiochian Rite, that had returned to its communion with Rome since 1180 A.D., although the official view of the Contemporary Maronite Church is that it had never accepted either the Monophysitic views held by their Syriac neighbours, which were condemned in the Council of Chalcedon, or the failed compromise doctrine of Monothelitism (despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary of the latter claim being found in contemporary and medieval sources, with evidence that they were staunchly Monothelites for several centuries, beginning in the early 7th century after their rejection of the sixth ecumenical council). Maronite church | Meaning, History, Liturgy, & Facts | Britannica The right-wing yet secular Guardians of the Cedars, with its exiled Leader and founder Etienne Saqr (also the father of singers Karol Sakr and Pascale Sakr) took no sectarian stance and even had Muslim members who joined in their radical stance against Arabism and Palestinian forces in Lebanon. Some historians have suggested that the Maronites were once monothelites, followers of a heterodox doctrine that affirmed that there was a divine but no human will in Christ. Maronite Patriarchs The 5 Patriarch appeals that led to the Cedar Revolution _______________________________________________ The Maronite Patriarchs during the Muslim Invasion to the first Crusade (685 AD ---- 1098 AD): 1. Join "Maronites of the Whole World" on Facebook. Retrieved 2018-11-18. Mar Bechara Boutros al-Rahi was born in Matn District, Lebanon on 25 February 1940. 199 591 6 961+ 188 591 6 961+ Bergheim ist die Kreisstadt des Rhein-Erft-Kreis und hat ca. Antonios Bachaalany, a Maronite from Salima (Baabda district) was the first emigrant to the New World, where he reached the United States in 1854 and died there two years later. (credit: REUTERS), "the entity of Lebanon was not established to be the land of settlement for the peoples of the region. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in Germany. The Ottomans ruled it and it remained Lebanese. [20] Some Maronites wish to identify as Arab Christians. "We are calling for a special international conference for Lebanon under the purview of the UN. Soest - The Thousand-Year Old Town That Doesn't Show Its Age Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch - Wikipedia Maronite Patriarch Advocates for the Salvation of Lebanon On an Al Jazeera special dedicated to the political Christian clans of Lebanon and their struggle for power in the 2009 election entitled, "Lebanon: The Family Business", the issue of identity was brought up on several occasions, by various politicians including Druze leader Walid Jumblatt, who claimed that all Lebanese lack somewhat of a real identity and the country is yet to discover one everybody could agree on. The church is in canonical communion with the Roman Catholic Church and is the only Eastern rite church that has no counterpart outside that union.The Maronites trace their origins to St. Maron, or Maro (Arabic: Mrn), a Syrian hermit of the late 4th and early 5th centuries, and St. John Maron, or Joannes Maro (Arabic: Yann Mrn), patriarch. [55], There is also a small Maronite Christian community in Syria. Home - MARONITE HERITAGE. Maronite Patriarch Beshara al-Rai said on Sunday that parliament's failed attempt to elect a president on Wednesday was a "cold-blooded violation of the constitution." He called the session a "farce" and urged every official to "admit their mistakes and correct them" after nearly eight months of presidential vacuum in Lebanon. 011 930 9 961+ 501 933 9 961+ . Lebanon's Maronite Patriarch Slams 'Cold-blooded Violation of Constitution' We are haemorrhaging people. Cardinal Bechara Boutros Rai congratulated Prime Minister Najib Mikati, President Michel Aoun, and the new cabinet of 24 ministers in a social media post that wished the government success in carrying out reforms and improving the living conditions for all Lebanese people. [92] The death of 200,000 Maronite Christians and other people of Mount Lebanon was mainly due to starvation and disease. The pope hosted the day of prayer for Lebanon with Catholic and Orthodox leaders from the country on July 1. By Courtney Mares Rome Newsroom, Feb 9, 2021 / 12:00 pm Lebanon's Maronite patriarch called on Tuesday for the United Nations to help resolve the country's crisis by convening an. They cannot obtain citizenship. The Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch (in Latin: Patriarchatus Antiochenus Maronitarum) is the seat of the Patriarch of the Maronite Church. Home - MARONITE HERITAGE The Patriarch of the Maronite Church decried political stalemates which prevent Lebanon from developing and overcoming difficulties, in a meeting with Thomas Heine-Geldern, Executive President of Aid to the Church in Need (ACN), which took place in Dimane, Lebanon, at the Patriarch's summer residence on 12 September. He repeated this call in 2022, during a conversation with Thomas Heine-Geldern, head of Aid to the Church in Need. On 9 June 1990, he was elected bishop of Byblos. [8] The community historically spoke Cypriot Maronite Arabic,[58][59] but today Cypriot Maronites speak the Greek language, with the Cypriot government designating Cypriot Maronite Arabic as a dialect. Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut (in Latin: Archeparchia Berytensis Maronitarum) is an archeparchial seat of the Maronite Church immediately subject to the Holy See in Lebanon. Lebanon-St. Peter Cathedral (Los Angeles), Our Lady of the Annunciation Cathedral, Ibadan, Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon (North Jackson, Ohio), Congregation of the Lebanese Maronite Missionaries, Maronite Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Notre Dame des Secours, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maronites&oldid=1164146852, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 8 July 2023, at 03:14. [45], The relationship between the Druze and Christians has been characterized by harmony and peaceful coexistence,[46][47][48][49] with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. [56], According to the Annuario Pontificio, 50,944 people belonged to the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris in 2017. Maronite Patriarch Urges International Conference on Lebanon [3], He was appointed titular bishop of Caesarea Philippi on 2 May 1986 and consecrated as auxiliary Bishop of Antioch on 12 July 1986, by Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir and his co-consecrators were Roland Aboujaoud, Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch, Georges Abi-Saber, titular Bishop of Aradus, Chucrallah Harb, Eparch of Jounieh, Joseph Mohsen Bchara, Archeparch of Cyprus, Khalil Abi-Nader, Archeparch of Beirut, Ignace Ziad, Emeritus Archeparch of Beirut, Antoine Joubeir, Archeparch of Tripoli, Elie Farah, Emeritus Archeparch of Cyprus, Joseph Merhi, Eparch of Cairo and Ibrahim Hlou, Eparch of Sidon. Territory and statistics The Patriarchate of Antioch is a patriarchal see of the Maronite Catholic Church in Lebanon. The Maronite perseverance led to their existence even to today. | InterMirifica.net, Historic prayer book of priest who hid King Charles II goes on display, Synod on Synodality: Read the full list of delegates, Synod on Synodality: Here are the delegates representing the U.S. and Canada, From prison to World Youth Day: Man builds 50 confessionals to be used for pilgrims, Actor Eduardo Verstegui may run for president of Mexico, says conservative party there is dead, Lebanese cardinal urges leaders to help country avoid total collapse, Pope Francis: Stop using Lebanon and the Middle East for outside interests and profits, Vatican deeply concerned about the potential collapse of Lebanon. As of 2012, there were 232,000 baptized. [1] The monastery on the Orontes was destroyed and 500 monks executed. Dimane (in Bsharri District) is the summer residence of the Patriarch. Mass emigration to the Americas at the outset of the 20th century, famine during World War I that killed an estimated one third to one half of the population, the 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war and the Lebanese Civil War between 1975-90 greatly decreased their numbers in the Levant; however Maronites today form more than one quarter of the total population of modern-day Lebanon. Maronite Patriarch, Cardinal Mar Bechara Boutros Al-Rahi, called, in a speech during the launch of the "Encounter of Identity and Sovereignty" document, titled "A New Vision for Lebanon of Tomorrow: A Civil State with Decentralization and Neutrality," for an international conference on Lebanon after Lebanese politicians evaded dialogue due to being beholden to their own personal interests. They regarded the national project as mainly a program for the security of Maronites and a bulwark against threats from Muslims and their hinterland.[79]. The Ottoman Empire's WW1 policies, in combination with the Allied Forces' naval blockade, resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of Maronites of Mount Lebanon, with total fatalities estimated between 100-300 thousand people that died from malnutrition, disease and starvation. Lebanese Maronite patriarch calls for 'final solution' for Palestinian He also studied for three years at Lateran University in Rome. These are the conditions for the message country, as it was called by Pope John Paul II, to continue to bear its witness. Christianity's Roots In Lebanon, and The Maronites. By @HorLevnon 8687; vol. Aside from this they were isolated from most of the world for much of the end of the millennium. Al-Rahi was made a cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in a consistory on 24 November 2012. The Patriarch Elias Howayek (1899 - 1931) decided in his first year of Patriarchate, to build it on a high hill of 1350m. We provide news about the Church and the world, as seen through the teachings of the Catholic Church. over-looking the Holy Qadisha Valley where the convent of Qannoubine, the former patriarchal see (1440-1830) is situated. The Lebanese used to live with dignity, they were not dependent on anybody. He said that Lebanese officials have failed to hold a dialogue among themselves to resolve their differences and address the needs of the people. The pope hosted a day of prayer for Lebanon at the Vatican. [81], Etienne Sakr, of the Guardians of the Cedars Lebanese party, in an interview responded "We are not Arabs" to an interview question about the Guardians of the Cedars' ideology of Lebanon being Lebanese. [2] In 1975, he received a PhD in canon and civil law. [1][non-primary source needed][bettersourceneeded] From 1967 to 1975 he was responsible for the Arabic programs of Vatican Radio. Maronites - Wikipedia The immediate spiritual head of the Maronite church after the pope is the patriarch of Antioch and all the East, residing in Bikirk, near Beirut. The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 30% of the total population of Lebanon according to election results. I will tell you today, that I as a Lebanese citizen, my identity is Maronite, Syriac Christian, and Lebanese (Arabic: Maroniya, Syryaniya Mashiya, Lubnaniya). The Lebanese cardinal had been calling on the countrys political leaders for months to overcome partisan interests and form a government to help the country amid its economic crisis. ", "The people of Palestine were not created to live in a camp. "[26] Former 14 March Progressive Socialist Party leader Walid Jumblatt criticised al-Rahi's assessment on the grounds that "Lebanon cannot remain hostage to regional conflicts", and denied that regime change in Syria was posing a threat to Christians in the country. Coordinates: 33.9678N 35.6339E Part of a series on Particular churches sui iuris of the Catholic Church Latin cross and Byzantine Patriarchal cross Particular churches are grouped by liturgical rite Alexandrian Rite Coptic Ethiopian Eritrean Armenian Rite Armenian Byzantine Rite Albanian Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian and Serbian Greek Hungarian In 938 A.D. following the destruction of St Maron's Monastery near the Orontes river by the Arab Sultan and the renewed aggression of the Arab forces against the Maronites, the Maronite Patriarch went and lived in Lebanon and managed the affairs of the Maronites in Lebanon. People born into Christian families or clans who have either Aramaic or Maronite cultural heritage are considered an ethnicity separate from Israeli Arabs and since 2014 can register themselves as Arameans. In. And this is a message to the Lebanese, that we must form a government so that everyone can gather to revive Lebanon with our friends, Lebanese politician Saad Hariri said after a private meeting with the pope in April. [30] Many Phoenician pagans became Maronite Christians. [32][33] The Arab conquerors settled in various cities of the Phoenician coast to reduce Byzantine interference even though they were not interested in maritime trade. In Lebanon, Archbishop Paul Nabil Sayah, deputy for external relations for the Maronite Patriarchate, told Catholic News Service Aug. 13 that he had no knowledge of direct threats to Cardinal Rai. The Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) challenged the ability of the Maronite patriarchate to continue its national role. The Christians, who may apply for recognition as Aramean, are mostly Galilean Maronites, who trace their culture, ancestry and language to Arameans.[89]. Lebanons Maronite patriarch has said that the country could be facing the risk of total collapse amid a deepeningeconomic and political crisis. [57], Maronites first migrated to Cyprus in the 8th century, and there are approximately 5,800 Maronites on the island today, the vast majority in the Republic of Cyprus. "The human and brotherly feelings that we have for these two brotherly peoples do not negate the nationalist thinking in the interest of Lebanon," added the patriarch. The visit was criticized at home. [56] In Europe, some Belgian Maronites are involved in the trade of diamonds in the diamond district of Antwerp. Deutsch: Bergheim ist eine deutsche Stadt in Nordrhein-Westfalen westlich von Kln gelegen. ", "The people of Palestine were not created to live in a camp, but rather in a society that provides them with housing, education, work and well-being," said al-Rahi, adding that "the entity of Lebanon was not established to be the land of settlement for the peoples of the region. [77][78], Lebanese Maronites are known to be specifically linked to the root of Lebanese Nationalism and opposition to Pan-Arabism in Lebanon, this being the case during 1958 Lebanon crisis. There is Lebanese unanimity on the resistances arms in the face of Israeli occupation. The decision for some clergy to go to the Hezbollah site appears to be in contrast to the official position of the Maronite patriarch, whose seat is in Bkerke in Lebanon. ", Referring to the Palestinian demand for a "right of return" to the area once under the British Mandate of Palestine, Al-Rahi stated that "everyone" has disavowed the "right of return," adding "Israel not only rejects the return of the refugees but daily displaces the Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maronite-church, Official Site of the Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn. [31], The Maronites managed then to become "civilly semiautonomous" where they settled[26][36][37] and kept speaking Western Aramaic in daily life and Syriac language for their liturgy. Therefore, we took the time to deepen our role in the East and to find ways to activate it and strengthen it. The Syriac Catholic Church, and the Melkite Greek Catholic Church make the same claim, all of them Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See. Lebanon's Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi called on Saturday for the deportation and resettlement of Palestinian refugees with the help of the international community, stressing that Lebanon must consider its own national interests. The patriarch led his people in combat, and after a number of engagements, the Maronites won a decisive victory at Amioun, in Mount Lebanon. We have a further 1.5 million Syrian refugees, as well, so we are looking after two million refugees. [8], A Maronite community of about 11,000 people lives in Israel. The seat of the patriarchate is Bkerk in Keserwan District in Lebanon. On 31 January 2013, al-Rahi was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to serve as a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants, and the Pontifical Council for Social Communications. For the church, see. Since the mountains offered no attraction to them, the Maronites continued to find refuge from colonial empires in the Mountains of Lebanon, especially Qadisha Valley.[32]. North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German municipalities with . He remained the sole cardinal-bishop elector until 28 June 2018 when four Latin church cardinals of voting age from the priestly and diaconal orders were elevated by Pope Francis to cardinal-bishop by having their titular churches co-opted to suburbicarian rank[16][17] and Louis Raphal I Sako, Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church was created a cardinal-patriarch. He is often mistaken with John Maron, the first Maronite Patriarch, who ruled 685-707. Saliba Douiahy, Mural Paintings at the Church of the Summer Residence of the Maronite Patriarch, Diman, late 1930s Most routes through Mount Lebanon are winding and narrow, lined by oak, cedar, and cypress trees and roamed by the occasional sheep. Gospel Readings: 17 April 2022: Resurrection. [50][51] In the 19th century, thousands of Maronites were massacred by the Lebanese Druze during the 1860 conflict. Let there be an end to the few profiting from the sufferings of many. Gradual changes doesnt harm stability and wouldnt get Syria into the [same] troubles as Palestine, Iraq, Libya and Yemen. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. They issued the following Statement: . 1 May 2022: 3rd Week Resurrection. [29], In November 2017, the patriarch visited Saudi Arabia to meet King Salman, to become the first Maronite Patriarch to visit the kingdom. Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. Here I would reiterate how essential it is that those in power choose finally and decisively to work for true peace and not for their own interests. The Christians that chose to remain in the newly Arab-controlled areas and inhabited by the Arab invaders gradually became a minority and many of those converted to Islam in order to escape taxation and to further their own political and professional advancement. [76], In general it appears that Muslims focus more on the Arab identity of the Lebanese history and culture whereas the Christian communitiesespecially the Maronites, focus on their history and struggles as an ethnoreligious group as distinct from Arab identity and the Arab world, while also reaffirming the Lebanese identity, as well as refraining from Arab characterization as it would deny them their striving achievement of having fended off the Arabs and Turks physically, culturally, and spiritually since their conception. Christian supporters of the March 8 alliance welcomed his comments. Therefore, we pray for our countries citizens who are suffering because of these crises that are affecting their daily lives. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. questioned al-Rahi, stressing that accepting the presence of refugees as a fait accompli undermines Lebanon's unity and must be confronted. [31], In 451 AD, the Maronites followed the Council of Chalcedon, rejecting miaphysitisim and maintaining full communion with the then united Orthodox Catholic Church. Maronite Church - Wikipedia [75], In opposition to such views, Arabism was affirmed at the March 1936 Congress of the Coast and Four Districts, when the Muslim leadership at the conference made the declaration that Lebanon was an Arab country, indistinguishable from its Arab neighbors. The patriarch then returned to the West Bank for a visit to Beit Sahour, toured the north, the Galilee region, Nazareth, Acre and Haifa, where many of the country's Arab Christian minority live. Understandably angry at the thought of higher taxes, the Soest citizens refused to pay. Presidential deadlock in Lebanon: Maronite Patriarch visits France [12] Cardinal al-Rahi was one of four cardinal-electors from outside the Latin Church who wore distinct vestments proper to their respective churches. [64] Though supported by Gabriel Naddaf, the move was condemned by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which described it as "an attempt to divide the Palestinian minority in Israel".[65]. [56] In 2015, the BBC placed the number of Maronites in Syria at between 28,000 and 60,000. The coastal cities of Tyre and Sidon remained prosperous during Roman rule, but Phoenicia had ceased to be the maritime empire it once was centuries ago and the north of Berytus (Beirut) and the mountains of Lebanon concentrated a big part of the intellectual and religious activities. Courtney Mares is a Rome Correspondent for Catholic News Agency. | - Bkerki He attended Collge Notre Dame de Jamhour, a Jesuit school in Lebanon. [34] Following the Byzantine persecutions in the Orontes valley, many Aramean Maronite monks left their lands in the Orontes valley and joined the Phoenician Maronites in the mountains of Lebanon. The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon. Every day we lose thousands of our best engineers, our best doctors, our best teachers, because the loss of value of the Lebanese pound to the dollar destroyed the value of salaries. ", Sign up for The Jerusalem Post Premium Plus for just $5, Upgrade your reading experience with an ad-free environment and exclusive content, Copyright 2023 Jpost Inc. All rights reserved. [10] Al-Rahi was the fourth Maronite Patriarch created cardinal, the first three being his three immediate predecessors Paul Peter Meouchi, Anthony Peter Khoraish, and Nasrallah Sfeir. English: Bergheim is a city in Germany, located 20 km west of Cologne. However, agreements have been held with the Druze. The Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Joubb, Sarba and Jounieh is the eparchy of Maronite patriarch. "How can these countries claim their concern for Lebanon's independence and stability, and work to undermine its unity?" Lebanon: Address: Bkerki - Keserwan: Summer address: Dimane - North: Phone +9619930011 / +9619915441 / +9619936488: Summer phone . "[25], Free Patriotic Movement leader Michel Aoun expressed support for al-Rahi: "Rais statements express the concerns of the minorities because he is entrusted with the Synod for the Middle East. We cant manage anymore., Ra at the Chair of Saint Peter, 11 October 2014, Rahi lies on his hands on Maurizio Malvestiti during his episcopal ordination as Cardinals Sandri and Mller observe, 11 October 2014, Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants, Pontifical Council for Social Communications, "Election of the Maronite Patriach (sic) history", "Naharnet Lebanon's leading news destination", "Code of Canons of Oriental Churchs Canon 76 2", "Letter of His Holiness Benedict XVI to His Beatitude Bchara Boutros Ra, Patriarch of Antioch for Maronites Accepting His Request for Ecclesiastical Communion", "Annuncio di Concistoro per la Creazione di Sei Nuovi Cardinali", "No Arab in the running for Pope, but Maronite to get vote for first time", "Rescriptum of the Holy Father Francis ", "New papal appointments reflect pope's wish for transparency", "Pope, making new cardinals, hears Iraqi tell of martyrs", "Maronite patriarch pledges to work with Muslims", "Lebanon's Shiite-Maronite Alliance of Hypocrisy", "Mikati reassured after meeting with Rai", "Suleiman said Rai doesn't need to be defended", "Berri: Rai's views on Syria help protect Lebanon", "Aoun: Assad will not fall, Hariri at fault on maritime debacle", "Violence turning Arab Spring into winter", "Lebanese Maronite Patriarch Visits Israel, First Since 1948", "Saudi King Salman receives Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi", "Thousands rally to support Lebanon's Patriarch call for an international conference", "Suleiman Grants al-Rahi Order of Cedar, Urges Officials to Attend Dialogue", "Suite de la visite en France du patriarche maronite", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bechara_Boutros_al-Rahi&oldid=1154132043, Titular Bishop of Caesarea Philippi (19861990), This page was last edited on 10 May 2023, at 13:13.
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