1992; Fig. Many yardangs can be found on Earth, in very dry regions with strong prevailing winds. Here on Earth, some of the most spectacular yardangs are in the Gobi desert, where seasonal dust storms have carved beautiful linear yardangs into the landscape. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Sometimes this sand will accumulate to build shallow moats around the bottom. A yardang is formed in cohesive material. The Basin at the middle and lower reaches of the Shule River and Lop Nor locates in the extremely arid triangle region of the Euroasian continent, one of the most arid regions in the world. Photo courtesy of Michael Welland. The soft material is eroded and removed by the wind, and the harder material remains. Wind-deposited bodies occur as sand sheets, ripples, and dunes. A yardang is a streamlined protuberance carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semiconsolidated material by the dual action of wind abrasion by dust and sand and deflation (the removal of loose material by wind turbulence. Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party. Planet Mars also have large scales of yardangs that extend for several kilometers long and covering as much as I kilometer wide. Long Xiao China University of Geosciences Dennis Reiss H. Hiesinger University of Mnster Abstract and Figures Wind-eroded ridges known as yardangs are common in most arid desert regions on. Yardangs are streamlined, wind-eroded ridges found in arid regions. The Aleutian arc itself is one of the simplest and most visible subduction zones on Earth. Geological Features and Evolution of Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin This blog Other experiments, including the Mars Express spacecraft,have documented the appearance of yardangs on the martian surface. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. The nomination property is the most concentrated, the largest, the most types and the best preserved of its kind in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in temperate zone. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Houses the tallest sand dunes, over 750 feet, in North America and one of the most fragile and complex dune systems in the world. The material eroded by winds are transported through saltation, suspension, and skipping on the earths surface. Geology Word of the Week: Y is for Yardang. Terms of Use [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Voyageurs National Park, and Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming contain some of the oldest rocks in North America. He also told me that he had some great yardang pictures for when I reached the letter Y. China is one of the countries in the world with a large area of concentrated Yardangs, about 20,000 km2. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Contains a classic and well exposed monocline, the Waterpocket Fold. The feathers would blow away, but leave the heavier rock . They are hungry, thirsty, heat-cold and aeolian sand resisting, and they are the only rare animals in the world which can drink salt water and eat salt plant for survival. The most representative Yardangs on earth are particularly concentrated in basins in Xinjiang and west of Gansu Province, as well as in the Qaidam Basin in Qinhai Province. The Tentative Lists of States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate harmonization of Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels. Various types of Yardangs can be found in the nominated property, such as the Mesa, Sawback, etc. 1992; Fig. They are more commonly created from softer rock types like siltstone, sandstone, tuff or Ignimbrite, shale, and limestone, but have also been observed in crystalline rocks such as schist and gneiss. Yardangs are typical wind-eroded landforms that are found in most of the world's major deserts. Or is there some feedback going on here, one yardang influencing the flow of the wind so as to preclude another one developing within some critical distance? Most yardang fields are in sand-poor areas, but the associated troughs may be invaded by sands. Location is Memnonia quadrangle . Yardang | SpringerLink ^ SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service: Yardangs on Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. The artiodactyla wild animals only live at Annanba in Aksai County north of Altun Mountains, Xihu in Dunhuang of Gansu province, Lop nur in Xinjiang province, and Inner Mongolia. The landforms are not only limited to the earth but have also been observed on other planets such as Mars where wind action is present. The sands were deposited at the base at the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which barred their passage, creating the enormous dunes in the high mountainous setting. Take advantage of the search to browse through the World Heritage Centre information. Abrasion is the wearing down of the surface of particles by the grinding action of the materials carried by the wind. (2008) found that MFF yardangs fields of extensive region covers an area of up to 40,000 km 2, while in our results, the total area of Martian yardangs within (30N-30S) is 734,115 km 2, and the area of the MFF yardangs is 562,640 km 2 based on the high-resolution CTX mosaics. The nominated property presents the complete process of Yardang formation from surface weathering at the beginning, the massive landforms at maturity to disappearance at the end. Theyre on Mars, theyre beautiful and they have nothing to do with pirates. Within the world renowned Green River Formation, Fossil Butte contains one of the world's best collection of fossilized freshwater fish, hundreds of insect species, uncounted plant species, and various other organisms such as bats, birds, turtles, and crocodiles. The Yardangs in the Hami Basin provide typical examples of water-eroded gullies and wind-eroded trenches at the early developmental stage, bluff-shaped, castle-shaped, ridge-shaped, and peak cluster at the middle stage and hill relics at the late stage. Some intrinsic depositional variation in the old lake sediments? The White Sands' yardangs are well developed and impressive in size. )[1] Yardangs become elongated features typically three or more times longer than wide, and when viewed from above, resemble the hull of a boat. The internationally recognized geomorphic term Yardang was originated from Uygur language which means small hill with steep escarpments, and proposed by Swedishexplorer Sven Hedin as a formal technical expression when he was exploring the Lop Nor region of Northwest China in the early 20th century. This giant fold has been deeply eroded exposing over 10,000 feet of continuous sedimentary strata. The strata with alternatively distributed sandstone and mud stone formed various types of wind-erosion castle such as cubic hill shape, round hill shape, temple shape by runoff and wind action, with red, yellow, grey and green colors, made them became majestic colorful Yardang landscape cluster. The Yardangs in the planet are located in the Amazonis area, but some notable ones are found in the equator region. Depending upon the winds and the composition of the weakly indurated deposits of silt and sand from which they are carved, yardangs . Differential erosion driven by lithology/structure of the strata is an important eroding factor. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], One of the world's finest examples of columnar basalt with continuous columns over 60 feet high. Here are the most common erosional landforms. Typical whaleback yardangs are found in the southeast, at the northern margin of Dabuxun Lake. They come in diverse shapes depending on the composition of the original material. Such conditions are widely present in arid environments such as deserts. Both the pictures and the musings are below. The internationally accepted landform Yardang has origin in Uygur language, Xinjiang, China; it was Sven Hedin who made it a formal technical expression in the early 20th century; it means a weathing landform, mainly ridge-like, castle-like or hill-like in extremely arid region and some basins in arid region with a considerable scale, where the not totally solidified sediment of the Cretaceous period, the Jurassic period and the Tertiary period (especially from the late tertiary period) will be weathered by the wind and runoff. Furthermore, the nominated property includes the three most representative shapes: ridges, castles, and isolated hill relics. Site. Hami Yardangs landform belong the early stage of development and developed vertical joint, formed typical bluff cluster shaped Yardang landform, also is the most concentrated, the largest, the most types and the best preserved typical area of its kind in China. She has undergraduate degrees in Earth Sciences and Arabic Language & Literature from Dartmouth College and a PhD in Marine Geology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program. All the landform features and diversities are unique in the world. Aeolian features on Venus include dune fields, eroded hills (yardangs), wind streaks, (miniature dunes of 10 to 30 cm wavelength). Different shapes of wind-eroded sandstone contrast with the sky-blue water to design a picturesque atmosphere. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), a relatively smooth region that transitions into sharp ridges. Photo courtesy of Michael Welland. Water Yardang landform in Qinghai, northwest China. Various types of Yardang can be found in the nominated property, such as the cubic hills, teeth-like ridges, etc. It is the most typical example in the world of the environmental changes and geomorphic processes in arid and extremely arid desert regions in the temperate zone, and presents combinations of different types of Yardang landforms. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Includes some of the most nearly perfectly preserved fossils of ancient plant and animal life in the world. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. This transition, known as the K-Pg boundary, is visible in the geologic record and marks one of the greatest mass extinctions of all time, and the end of the dinosaurs. It also contains important information for studying of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau uplift and central Eurasia drying processes. This paper describes the morphology of yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert, analyzes their control factors, and discusses their development processes, age, and rates of formation. yardang, large area of soft, poorly consolidated rock and bedrock surfaces that have been extensively grooved, fluted, and pitted by wind erosion. The nominated property possesses the most majestic Yardang landscape cluster in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in the temperate zone of the world. They come in various sizes and are categorized as mega-yardangs, meso-yardangs, and micro-yardangs. The Tentative Lists of States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate harmonization of Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels. The major exogenic forces are weathering, wind erosion, runoff, collapse, etc. There is another Yardang in Arizona near the town of Window Rock. def. Here is a collection of photographs of China's most spectacular water Yardang landform. Yardangs are found in the deserts, and the largest concentrations of mega-yardangs are found in Sahara desert near the Tibesti Mountains. Wind-eroded ridges known as yardangs are common in most arid desert regions on Earth, as well as on other planets, notably in the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) and Gale Crater on Mars. [13] Depending upon the winds and the composition of the weakly indurated deposits of silt and sand from which they are carved, yardangs may form very unusual shapes some resemble various objects or even people. Yardangs are enigmatic wind-parallel ridges sculpted by aeolian processes that are found extensively in arid environments on Earth and Mars. The Devil's Postpile is one of the prominent remnants of this glaciation. Thanks so much, Michael! [7], Other names for them are "mud-lions",[8][9] "mushroom rocks", "sphinx-like hills", "koukour" in Tunisia, and "kalut" (Persian for "ridge") in Iran. The rock is eroded into alternating ridges and furrows essentially parallel to the dominant wind direction. Differential erosion and the formation of layered yardangs in the There is a famous yardang at Hole in the Rock in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, a rock formation with a roughly circular hole in it. It is where the largest scaled and best-preserved Yardang with the most types can be found in China. The nomination property is an outstanding example of the environmental changes as well as the geologic and geomorphic processes in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in the temperate zone. The lake dried up as the climate changed, bringing with it the desert, the sand, and the wind. Hundreds of ridge-shaped Yardang, each could be several kilometers long, stretch over several tens of kilometers, giving the impression of a large fleet group in a vast sea. The most typical Yardangs are particularly concentrated in the basins in Xinjiang and Qaidam Basin in Qinhai Province. deserts, Geology Word of the Week, Michael Welland, Sand: The Never-ending Story, Through the Sandglass, yardang Yardangs on Mars An Adventurous Life Less Visited Sites The Adventurous Life list covers less visited but equally extraordinary geologic sites in the National Parks. Mapping and spatial statistical analysis of Mars Yardangs There is a famous yardang at Hole in the Rock in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, a rock formation with a roughly circular hole in it. These far-flung destinations will take you off the beaten path to parks with spectacular examples of dune systems, columnar basalts, monoclines, crustal breaks, and more. Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday. Dunhuang Yardangs The internationally accepted landform Yardang has origin in Uygur language, Xinjiang, China; it was Sven Hedin who made it a formal technical expression in the early 20 th century; it means a weathing landform, mainly ridge-like, castle-like or hill-like in extremely arid region and some basins in arid region with a considerable scale, where the. The Hami Basin is the largest intermontane lowland fault basin in China where there are large areas of sandstone, mudstone and glutenite of the Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene periods. Yardangs occur in various deserts of the world including the Turkistan and the Mojave deserts. Criterion (vii):The nomination property presents the most majestic Yardang landscape cluster in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in the temperate zone, including thousands groups of orderly arranged bluff cluster shaped Yardang landform, ridge-shaped Yardang landform like a large fleet of ships in a vast sea, castle-shaped Yardang landform with various positions and colors combinations and isolated hill relics Yardang landform with strange positions, own excellent aesthetic value, interpreting the spectacular beauty of the desolate gobi desert. Guadalupe Mountains National Park is a must see for petroleum geologists interested in understanding reef systems. Earlier this year I wrote to Michael Welland, author of the book Sand: The Never-ending Story and the Through the Sandglass blog, and asked him if he had any pictures of nabkhas for my N is for Nabkha word of the week. They are, like all good herds, all facing in the same direction, but barely moving. (a) The Qaidam Basin and distributions of different yardang fields Morphological parameters vary among the yardang types. More than a dozen kilometers ridges and grooves alternately arranged, hundred groups of ridge-shaped Yardang landform stretched several tens of kilometers, giving the impression of a large fleet of ships in a vast sea. Aniakchak is located on the Alaska Peninsula, part of the Aleutian volcanic arc. It is located on the north side of the Kumtagh Desert and yardangs are found within a contiguous area of about 350 km 2. In this case, and given the proximity of the Apollonaris Patera volcanic center, we think that these wind-carved deposits are comprised of volcanic ash and pyroclastics that erupted from Apollonaris when it was last active in the not-too-distant geologic past. I dont know that we know the answers to such questions which is why there is an intrinsic geo-weirdness to them. Compare to Yardangs in other places, Dunhuang Yardangs has various types and geological bases, complex formation mechanisms, and records the central Eurasia drying processes. The deposition process by wind holds clues as to the past and present directions and intensities of wind. This paper describes the morphology of yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert, analyzes their control . Yardangs, Desert Processes Working Group; Knowledge Sciences, Inc. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yardang&oldid=1154948057, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from August 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 15 May 2023, at 18:05. The soft material is eroded and removed by the wind, and the harder material remains. Isolated hill relics Yardangs have strange shapes. It includes Bulongji Yardang and Qiaowan Yardang in Guazhou County, Beihu Yardang and Dunhuang Yardang Geo-park in Dunhuang City, Loulan Yardang, Longcheng Yardang and Bailongdui Yardang in north and northeast Lop Nur basin. Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party. Wind Erosional Forms | SpringerLink There are different ways to classify landforms, but there are three general categories: landforms that are built (depositional), landforms that are carved (erosional), and landforms that are made by movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic). Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China - ScienceDirect Omissions? Yardangs are made on vertical hard/soft rock layers, whereas zeugen (the plural form) are made on horizontal hard/soft rocks bands, giving it a more mushroom-like appearance. [14], Pictures from Mars show that the yardang ridges occur on a massive scale there; some individual ridges are tens of kilometers long with intervening valleys nearly 1km wide. Formation and evolution of yardangs activated by Late Pleistocene They are intensively-distributed in this nominated property, and criss-cross Yardang landforms can provide hiding places for them. A yardang is a sharp irregular ridge of compact sand lying in the direction of the current wind in exposed desert regions. Comparing with the ones in other places, Xinjiang Yardang has various types and geological basis, complex formation mechanism, recorded the central Eurasia drying processes. The abrasive loads carried by the wind carve out elongated ridges that extend out in one direction. at the late stage. But, the steep face on sand dunes is downwind and the gentle face is upwind., Your email address will not be published. Description. In particular, weathering and flood are active in the early stages, wind erosion is active in the middle stage and gravity collapse occurs in the late stage. The constant interplay between the wind, ocean, rivers, tides, and storms make barrier islands one of the most dynamic earth systems. 8). Yardangs are found mainly at the edge of deserts in arid or extremely arid regions with sparse precipitation, little vegetation and strong wind erosion, such as the desert in west Asia and central Asia, the Sahara Desert and the Namibian Desert in Africa, the western desert in North America, the west coast desert in South America, etc. The World Heritage Centre is at the forefront of the international communitys efforts to protect and preserve. Dunhuang Yardangs developed typical andmagnificent geomorphic types acted mainly from wind erosion in the quaternary strata of lacustrine facies, and it is also the typical area with the most concentrated, the largest scaled and the best preserved Yardang landform. Yardangs 3. Approximately sixty-five million years ago the Cretaceous time period came to a close and the Tertiary time period began. Morphological parameters vary among the yardang types. 2009). The Adventurous Life list covers less visited but equally extraordinary geologic sites in the National Parks. The forces of nature (freezing and thawing, wetting and drying) eventually break down the crystals into sand-size particles light enough to be moved by the wind and deposited in the White Sands dune field. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Surprisingly, one of the wettest parts of the country also contains one of the most dramatic rain shadows in the United States. Its world population is only about 730-880, 420-470 in China. The sandstone results in castle-like Yardang and the mud stone forms ridge-like Yardang. Posted in: The nominated property has Yardangs with the most concentrated distribution, the largest scale and types, and the best preservation in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in the temperate zone in terms of geomorphic morphology. | READ MORE. Aeolian Landforms: What Is A Yardang? China owns the largest distribution of Yardangs with about 20,000 km2 in total area. Geology Word of the Week: Y is for Yardang - Georneys The nomination property shows the most majestic Yardangs landscape cluster in the arid and extremely arid desert regions in temperate zone. The orientation of the yardangs in the northernmost area is nearly N-S, with a transition towards NW-SE in the southernmost area in response to a change in the dominant wind direction that results . The resulting pattern of yardangs is therefore a combination of the original rock distribution, and the fluid mechanics of the air flow and resulting pattern of erosion. Yardangs are found mainly at the edge of deserts in arid or extremely arid regions where there is sparse precipitation, little vegetation and strong wind erosion, such as in the desert in west Asia and central Asia, the Sahara Desert and the Namibian Desert in Africa, the western desert in North America, the west coast desert in South America, etc. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Cross-posted at Through the Sandglass . No general theory exists to explain the long-term evolution of yardangs, curtailing modeling of landscape evolution and dynamics of suspended sediment release. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. A yardang is formed in cohesive material. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Contains one of the few examples of yardangs in the United States. [12] Hedin first[citation needed] found the wind-sculptured "clay terraces" or yardangs in the dried up riverbed of the Kurruk-daria in Central Asia. China Yardangs are found mainly in basins in north and south Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as well as in the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province. The oldest rocks in America are located about 200 miles southwest of Voyagers and are up to 3.6 billion years old. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], Great wave-like gypsum sand dunes engulf over 275 square miles of desert and have created the world's largest gypsum dune field. Required fields are marked *. A Beginner's Guide to Erosional Landforms - ThoughtCo 2001; Brookes 2003; Goudie 2007; Xia 2007; Al-Dousari Ali et al. 84, Issue B14, 30 December 1979. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB14p08147 What is a yardang and how are they produced? Aeolian landforms are landforms created by the erosive and constructive effect of wind on the Earths surface. Many yardangs can be found on Earth, in very dry regions with strong prevailing winds. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Another yardang in Arizona is Window Rock, near the town of Window Rock. [10] The massive features of mega-yardangs are called "ridges and corridors" (crtes et couloirs) in French.[11]. Geography Compass 1(1):65-81, SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service: Yardangs on Mars. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Mandt et al. The word itself is of Turkic origin,[3][4] meaning steep bank, as this type of spectacular landscapes rising 2550 feet (815m) are best developed in the interior deserts of this region. . Xinjiang, located at the hinterland of Euroasian continent, and sparse rain and abundant wind make convenience for the development over 6,000km2 of Yardang. They form in semi-consolidated playa sediments. 1977a).On Venus, possible yardangs were found at 9N, 60.5E about 300 km southeast of the crater Mead (Greeley et al. The nomination property is where the geomorphic word Yardang originated and it is also the most concentrated area of Yardang around the world. Since the Mead features do not obey the ~10:2 length-to-width ratio, we applied the length- 1898. [Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home], A Full Life | An Adventurous Life | An Extreme Life | Find Your Park, Download the official NPS app before your next visit.
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